Wednesday, September 29, 2010

Flea and tick prevention decoded


In this episode:

- Flea and tick preventives decoded: Sorting through all the product options to prevent these pests!
- Going green segment: Biodiesel!

Transcript of this week's episode of The Web-DVM:

Welcome back everyone to The Web-DVM. I am your host, veterinarian Dr. Roger Welton. We are going green with biodiesel today, but first, let’s get right into a very important topic for pet owners, choosing the right flea and tick preventive for your dog or cat. With many flea and tick preventive products out there and more added all the time, it is important that pet owners have this mess of products broken down and sorted out. For fleas and ticks cause discomfort and itchiness through their bites, transmit parasites and infection, and just simply decrease our pet’s quality of lives when they are infested. Fleas and ticks can also infest our homes and become a nuisance for even us personally, so it is in everyone’s best interests to keep them in check. However, in controlling fleas and ticks, we also do not want to put our pets nor ourselves in danger, so safety is also an important aspect of choosing the right flea and tick preventive.

In presenting flea preventives, I will be keeping the discussion to veterinary grade products, as pet store grade products, such as flea and tick collars, Adams, Hartz, Biospot, Zodiac, etc, just do not work. While flea collars may keep fleas and ticks away from the neck or the aforementioned topical products may keep fleas and ticks away from the site of application, the rest of the pet remains prime feeding ground for fleas and ticks. My advice is to not waste your money on these products, since no treatment works almost as well.

I want to also state unequivocally that I am not a fan of dips, as they tend to have uncomfortably high rates of toxicity and, while they are effective in killing pests that are on the pet, they do little to keep environmental pests from getting back on the pet and quickly re-infesting the patient. Lastly, as I have stated before, I am not a cheerleader for any flea and tick preventive manufacturer, and nobody is giving me a check for my sentiments. My views come plain and simply from my own experience.

So let us start by quickly naming the prevalent products out there for flea and tick prevention: Frontline, Advantage/Advantix, Capstar, Program, Revolution, and the new kid in town, Comfortis. From the point of view of what stage of the flea lifecycle each product kills, Frontline leads the way killing 3 out of 4 stages of the flea lifecycle, including adult fleas, eggs, and larvae; Advantage/Advantix kills 2 stages, adults and larvae; Comfortis kills adults only; Capstar kills adults only; Program kills eggs only; and Revolution kills adults and eggs only. Only Frontline and Advantix are effective in killing ticks. Revolution claims activity against ticks, but my experience with the product has been completely contrary. Frontline, Advantage/Advantix, and Revolution are administered topically, while Capstar, Comfortis, and Program are administered as an oral pill.

All of these products with the exception of Capstar are labeled for monthly protection. Capstar kills adult fleas only for 24 hours. That is why Capstar really is used as the modern alternative to a flea dip for a quick, safe kill-off, but one of the aforementioned monthly products really is needed properly prevent fleas long term.

Regarding effectiveness with monthly flea prevention, I find that Program and Revolution are only effective in cases where environmental flea prevalence is low. In more wooded, rural, or tropical settings, certainly here in Florida, these products are easily overwhelmed and often seemingly ineffective. Frontline, Advantage/Advantix are highly effective flea preventive products, adequate to prevent fleas in the majority of settings. However, in cases where there is a heavy environmental population, such as a yard frequently trafficked by strays, rural or wooded settings, or living among irresponsible neighbors that do not use flea prevention for their pets, Frontline and Advantage are known to sometimes fail to keep up with the flea burden. In these cases, where Frontline and Advantage/Advantix may not protect the pet adequately, Comfortis has proven to be the go to product, making it at this time, clinically the most effective flea preventive.

Regarding ticks, as previously mentioned, only Frontline and Advantix are effective against ticks, with their effectiveness overall good and each product comparable with one another.

So, which product should you go with? I already mentioned, for a quick kill off fleas, rather than dip your pet, I would just give Capstar, as it is highly safe and effective in killing all adult fleas on the pet within 90 minutes of administration. But, for monthly flea protection, you will still need to choose another product.

If flea loads are low and/or your pet resides in a cool or temperate environment, then you can likely get away with Program either by itself or Sentinel that has heartworm prevention with Program in it to provide an all in one heartworm and flea preventive product for dogs, and Revolution that is also and all in one heartworm and flea product for both dogs and cats. These products have a proven excellent track record for safety.

For more problematic flea areas, most of the time Frontline or one of the lines of Advantage topical products are quite effective. These products both have well established histories of safety and effectiveness and for me still comprise the staple of good flea prevention. Most pets that I see do just fine with these preventives, making them our top sellers.

I reserve Comfortis for the most stubborn of flea infestations, since it is a taken as a monthly pill. While the safety of this preventive to date seems quite good, it is known to cause occasional GI disturbance in certain patients. It is also not for use in patients with seizure disorders and is not currently labeled for use in cats.

Once again, if ticks are an issue, your only options are Frontline or Advantix, both of which also have excellent activity against fleas. However, if either of these products fail to keep up with a given flea problem, Comfortis can safely be used concurrently with either product in dogs.

Now, this is a lot of product information crammed into a short explanation, so feel free to start over and watch again, or refer to the written transcript of this show at my blog at webdvm.blogspot.com.

My going green segment today is about biodiesel. Biodiesel is a vegetable oil based fuel that is both clean burning, renewable, and actually more efficient and performs better that petroleum based diesel fuel. Oil to be processed into a diesel fuel comes primarily from the canola plant, a plant which grows readily in a variety of different soil types and in both tropical and cooler temperate climates, making it continually and perpetually renewable.

When I first learned of biodiesel, my first thought was that, if this fuel works to power standard diesel engines, then it must leave some level carbon footprint making it not truly a clean burning fuel. However, further research into biodiesel informed me that, while the burning of biodiesel does indeed provide the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide is essentially removed from the atmosphere by the canola plants that are the raw material for a given amount of biodiesel, making it a carbon neutral fuel. The processing of biodiesel is also far less polluting than the processing of petroleum into diesel fuel.

One criticism of biodiesel of course coming mostly from republican poiliticians bent on protecting big oil, is that farmers choosing to grow canola instead of corn, wheat and other consumable food crops, will drive up food prices. This is actually quite wrong. Food prices will actually go down, with farmers having an in demand crop to sell to help their bottom line, while having another crop to aid in crop rotation, which optimizes the fertility of their soil.

I am surprised that more people who run vehicles with diesel engines are not flocking to this stuff. Even if the environment does not concern you, nor does global warming or our dependence on foreign oil, use it because your vehicle will run better, more efficiently and more cheaply than on petroleum based diesel. If you do not believe me, then believe the Secretary of the Navy, who approved the building of a prototype F/A 18 fighter jet that’s powered by biodiesel. The pilot on its inaugural flight reported excellent performance and no less responsiveness than with a traditional petreoleum based jet fuelled aircraft. The largest consumer of oil in the world, this is prompting the US Navy to take a serious look at powering its vehicles with biodeisel.

To find a biodiesel station near you for your own diesel vehicle, go to drivealternatives.com. A quick search and I found a station just 6 miles from my home.

That is our show for this evening. Please do not forget to join me for my live call-in radio show every Wednesday night, 9PM EST, available at my blog at webdvm.blogspot.com, where this show is also embedded, along with bonus content and links. While there will be no lapse in the presentation of my live radio show, I will be taking next week off from The Web-DVM, as I will be in the hospital with my wife welcoming our new baby girl. Please keep us in your thoughts and prayers!

Don't forget to catch my live call-in radio show Wednesdays 9PM EST. Listen via podcast live or archived here:


Blog Talk Radio

Bonus Content

Find a biodiesel station near you at:

Drive Alternatives

Dr. Roger Welton is the President and chief veterinarian at Maybeck Animal Hospital in West Melbourne Florida, as well as CEO of the veterinary advice and health management website Web-DVM.net.

105 comments:

Pearl said...

I have actually been buying a lot of those tick collars, because they smell great. But I wonder if they did work when I saw my dog scratching herself frantically. I searched and found this post. I guess I won't be buying them again.

Alexander said...

@ Pearl, Same experience here. My dogs weren't too happy about having two collars, and the first week that I tried the collars on two of my dogs, they were itching even around the neck. It was such a waste.

KC Charm said...

Thank you for this wonderful post. I am about to buy a lot of those promotional on sale cat products that swear to get the fleas off, but I was skeptical so I searched first. I now have an insight on what to buy.

KC Charm said...

By the way, my friend Susan Green has been listening to your show and wants to say a quick hello. She said you're a great help and an absolute saver. :)

Monique G, said...

I use a homemade flea powder supplied to me by my neighbor. What it is made of, I really have no idea. But it sure does the job of keeping fleas and ticks of my kitties!

Cholo Soriano said...

Here in the Philippines, biodiesel has been popular for a few months before going downstream. What drove the consumers away was a mystery to me, as I find the "green gas" very good for the environment. As for your pet section of your show, I can only say how proud I am that my pets never get any fleas.

Margarette Dupri said...

Monique, can you ask what ingredients your neighbor used in that homemade flea powder? It would be wonderful if we can all make homemade pet products to cut down costs. Fleas can be present in all times of the year.

Alexander said...

@Margarette, I think the homemade powder may contain lavender and cedar wood essences. I used a homemade spray before with these ingredients and they worked fine, but needed frequent re-application.

Margarette Dupri said...

Hi Alexander, thank you for your reply. My pets have very resistant flea infestations which I guess they acquired from the neighbor's dogs. Would the homemade powder/spray work on them?

Alexander said...

Not really, as those kinds of infestations need radical treatments immediately. You can use Capstar as Roger Welton said in his show. I used it before as a radical treatment and now as maintenance treatment.

Rupert S. said...

I tried Program before but still got as many new fur residents as before. My dog was scratching ferociously and her skin is fur-less in some patches because of all that scratching. I will try using Capstar as you recommended.

Margarette Dupri said...

Thank you very much Alexander. I think I'll buy Capstar soon, though my vet doesn't sell that product in his clinic. I wonder if they sell Capstar online.

Pearl said...

I can't find Capstar anywhere, but I did find Comfortis on the pet store's shelves this morning. I'm going to try it out on my babies today. :) Will update you on any progress!

Cholo Soriano said...

I recommended your show to a friend of mine who has at least 10 dogs in his apartment. All of them are free of fleas and ticks and properly cared for, but of course a little effort in prevention can indeed go a long way, right? I'm recommending Comfortis and Revolution as you mentioned.

Monique G, said...

Hi Margarette, I wasn't able to ask my good neighbor what he puts in the mystery powder that he gives me, but I think Alexander may be correct. I can smell a hint of lavender in the powder whenever I am applying it to my kitty cats!Keep me posted on Alexander's recipe if you tried it!

G.Jordan said...

I got to try Revolution but my dog just won't stay put when I am trying to apply it on him. He's a very playful dalmatian but he is usually obedient. I think Revolution's smell puts him off, and though I don't find the smell disturbing, I believe it's a fact that dogs have a very keen sense of smell. Anyone have a similar experience?

Min Choji said...

_Jordan_ I have been using Revolution for the longest time. It works miracles for me, but I have not experienced anything like what has happened to you. Maybe you should try other products, and if your dog still won't stay put then he has issues with being applied with anything. Just my two cents.

Amethyst said...

Fleas are indeed very serious nuisances in my precious golden retriever's lovely fur! I keep on applying powders and using anti-flea soaps for him and they go away, but after a while (at least two weeks) the fleas are back and biting again! Can't I just shave the hair off so when it grows my Humphrey won't have fleas all over him anymore?

G.Jordan said...

Thanks for your suggestion Mr. Choji. I just can't find any reason for hating anything that will make pests die. I even massage my dog just so he would enjoy the session, but when he hears me opening the packaging he runs for his life, with all the skids and slips!

dogmaster said...

To amethyst, I think the problem is that your products only kill the larvae and the adults fleas and ticks, not the eggs. What you need is a product that will kill all the stages in the life cycle of a flea or tick, as mention in this post, the egg, larvae and the adult. This will ensure total eradication of pests.

Rupert S. said...

Hi, I read and commented on this post yesterday and followed your recommendation of Capstar. Gave it to my dog this morning with high expectations. Although I think it may be too soon to tell, I am seeing very promising results. My dog scratches herself a lot less than the previous days, and she got to sleep a whole nap without being awakened just to scratch.

Amethyst said...

Thanks dogmaster for the facts. When I read your reply, a lightbulb seemed to have turned on above my head, and I immediately read the labels of the products I have been using and I guess it is actually my fault that my pal suffers from those nasty fleas. Both of them says that they don't have effects on eggs!

dogmaster said...

It's always a pleasure to help fellow dog-lovers in taking care of our furry friends. Just remember that you may be experiencing recurrence of pet fleas because you let your dog mingle with other flea-infested animals such as your neighbor's dog., or a stray animal. You should check that out as well.

R.James said...

I agree with dogmaster, if you're letting your dog wander around on its own, then it would most likely get a lot of fleas from other stray animals. Fleas jump for at least three feet, while ticks can drop off another host and wait until your dog passes by. They have heat-seeking abilities and despite their size they can move extremely fast.

Min Choji said...

Heat seekers? You mean to say that they can move quite fast and sense if dogs and cats are around, so they can pounce on their new hosts when they pass by? That sounds very alarming and interesting at the same time.

R.James said...

Yes, I heard the fact from a pet seminar which I attended a few months back. They were discussing the benefits and disadvantages of letting your pet loose and roaming around in areas aside from your home. The ticks can be very resistant to damage or harm even when traveling. They can cling on to any surface that makes contact with them, especially furry animals.

Isabella said...

My puppy has large green ticks inside the ears, but he won't let me take them out with tweezers. Whenever he hears them snap or even sees the tweezers, he starts to growl. And he has never growled at me before, so I really need help on how to take the ticks off.

dogmaster said...

Hi, Isabella. The only solution that I can think of with your problem is to bring your puppy to the vet. They have ways of doing things that calm down the pets when otherwise they would have bitten the owners.

Isabella said...

Thank you or your suggestion. The only thing is, the nearest veterinary clinic is at least 3 hours away from here. Though there are pet shops nearby, I don't know if they render services such as taking ticks off the dog's ears.
James Locke
Learn Karate at Home

amrj0218 said...

Advantix just rocks! The ticks were all gone in two days, and I just bought it because I heard it on your show. My pup's as happy as ever, and I don't have to manually take off the big bloated ticks one by one and crush them.

Colleen said...

Isabella: Try finding one of those pet shops that specialize in pet grooming and pampering. Having your pet groomed often includes the manual picking of visible ticks, but you can't just depend on that if you want to solve the problem What you should do is invest in pet products that really work, as Roger has said in his show.

Isabella said...

Thanks, I just found a pet styling salon just around the corner. I immediately went inside and inquired if they would do tick removal, and they said yes! I also followed your advice and bought Capstar as well. With fingers crossed I am hoping for the best results.

Colleen said...

Actually, you don't have to bring your pet to the styling salon often to have the ticks manually removed if you solved the root of the problem which is the infestation. I hope I helped! amrj0218: I tried Advantix but I'm afraid it didn't work out well for my friend.

amrj0218 said...

I guess pet products can really be subjective on the results just like human products have different effects on different consumers. Which product worked for your pets @Colleen?

Emily Sparks said...

I hope you don't mind me joining in. In this post, you can find the reason for the different results for different users. I have just read above that it depends on the environment, prevalence of flea and tick infestations, and rural or urban settings. Results rely on many factors.

Colleen said...

Thanks Emily for pointing that fact out. The product that works best for my poodles are local ones, named Pampered Pooch Anti-Flea and Tick Shampoo. They are minty in smell and very effective. You should have seen the skin of poodles when infested, such a nasty sight.

amrj0218 said...

I don't mind! It's always a lot more fun when many others join in the conversation. Pampered Pooch sounds like an expensive product, and another hint at that is the minty smell. I guess good quality does come with a high price!

Tanya said...

I hate to disagree, but I have bought a lot of $1 pet products that are very high quality despite the price. Although you have a point, in many places, many cheap products are often ineffective or easily broken. In that sense, I carefully read and review every product before each purchase just to be sure that my pup is getting the best.

Emily Sparks said...

Both of you do have a good point. It actually depends on where you are. In many developed countries, products can be of high quality but of low price. But in third-world countries, the products are most of the time low in quality if it's cheap. So better ask your vet first before buying a lot of those cheap pet products!

Tanya said...

I guess you're right. But Pampered Pooch does sound like a prestigious product, sort of what you can find in a luxury pet spa. Yes, I have a broad imagination, and I sometimes dream of setting up a pet spa and resort of my own!

Colleen said...

Speaking of expensive products, is Capstar expensive? Because for some reason my husband refuses to buy any of it due to prices. I bet he just didn't do any canvassing of prices and drove straight back home from the first store he went into.

Roslyn said...

I don't think it's expensive. Your supplier probably has a high markup of prices or your husband just didn't want to go in and out of many pet stores. Here in our place Capstar is widely available and is very affordable. The price is probably affected by location and handling.

Carmen Su said...

Hi there! I recently saw a lot of ads for Comfortis around town and I searched about it in the internet hoping to find reviews, then I stumbled upon this post. I was wondering if Comfortis would be a smart choice for my friend's cat who is being eaten alive by nasty small red ticks.

Roslyn said...

Well, according tot he post, Comfortis kills adults only. And I wouldn't really recommend it because it's just a new fish in the sea of pet products, and I have not yet heard of any reviews or feedback from customers. It may be better to try it after many have said good things about it.

Marianne said...

We must be on the same town, Carmen Su! Fliers and tarpaulins of Comfortis are everywhere, with posters, pictures and such. I wonder where they get the money for this kind of extensive advertisement, since it's fairly new in the market. Maybe they are backed up by some big time company.

Carmen Su said...

Marianne: Their advertising is crazy! If they keep up with this then their profits would go down because of the high cost of advertising. Thanks for the information Roslyn. By the way, I might try Capstar but Comfortis is much cheaper.

Marianne said...

I just heard from a pet loving friend that Comfortis would just relieve the pet's itching problems by killing the adults, but the problem is, you would have to repeat the treatment process because the eggs and larvae are still alive. So it's basically a waste of money.

Roslyn said...

I absolutely agree with Marianne. As another commenter in this post said, if you don't deal with the root of the problem then the problem will just keep on popping back up. In this case, ticks and fleas will keep on reproducing on your pet. You might as well try to find a product that kills every pest in any form.

Marianne said...

It says on this post that Capstar is a great product. And you can backread the comments and they say the same thing. Capstar must be making a lot of money right now.

Carmen Su said...

I guess so. Then I will try Capstar so no risks would be made. Thank you so much for your help guys. I'm new at this pet thing and this post is indeed a great resource of information.

Bud said...

A little FYI on biodiesel: I am the owner of a large landscaping company, have a fleet of 8 trucks. They all run on biodiesel, run great and cheaper. I am not any sort of tree hugger, but I love the results of this stuff, green or not!

Declan said...

That's the beauty of biodiesel, even if people don't give a crap about the environment, it is still in their best interests to use it! To refuse it is just bad business, making it an ideal green technology.

Meredith said...

I have treated my dog with a combination of brewers yeast and garlic and have not seen a flea or tick on him ever. Forget all those chemicals and drugs, natural is the best solution!

pw1974 said...

Meredith, the fact that you have had no fleas has nothing to do with garlic and yeast - that stuff does not hurt anything except make for funky breath, but they just do not do anything to control fleas. I would venture to guess that you live in a temperate climate in a suburban setting. Setting like that often do not make for flea or tick problems. Do me a favor, stop treating you dog with anything, and you will see that he still will have no fleas. Based on the logic you are presenting, you may conclude that nothing at all seems to be the best way to go, as your dog will not have fleas or ticks. The truth is, they are just not a problem in your particular setting, because I live in a rural setting and anyone who lives mear me will attest to the fact that yeast and garlic do nothing to prevent fleas. Sorry Meredith.

Meredith said...

pw, I live in Long Island, NY, where people do report flea and tick problems all the time with their pets from May though October. So to dismiss my success as just luck because of where I live is ridiculous. Why are people so quick to dismiss natural remedies?

Roger Welton, DVM said...

Meredith, I can see why you may think that garlic and yeast may help to repel fleas, but I have to agree with pw here. I lived and practiced veterinary medicine in Long Island's North Shore for 3 years, and what I found is that the prevalence of fleas and ticks are very spotty, very much dependent on where the pets lives. In places like Lloyd Neck and Eatons Neck, they were a real problem, but in Huntington where I lived, I did not see any fleas or ticks. I will guarantee you that if you lived in a flea and tick prone area, that your success with garlic and yeast treatment would quickly be disproven. The proof is in the evidence - here in Florida fleas are not seasonal and when people do not use preventive, the pets will get fleas. I cannot tell you how many cases of flea infestation and flea allergy dermatitis I see with pets whose owners got duped into trying that brewers yeast/garlic regimen. It just does not work. There is no harm in doing what you are doing, but you could treat your dog with nothing, and I bet the results will be the same. The truth is that you are likely just fortunate to not have a flea problem where you live, as is the case in many suburban Long Island neighborhoods. I do thank you for your comments.

Anonymous said...

thanks amigo! great post!.

Eddie Hall said...

I just heard from a pet loving friend that Comfortis would just relieve the pet's itching problems by killing the adults, but the problem is, you would have to repeat the treatment process because the eggs and larvae are still alive. So it's basically a waste of money.

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